THE PRONUNCIATION OF ED

PUT THE  REGULAR VERBS INTO THREE COLUMNS

          D                                                                       T                                                    ID

LIKE   WASH  LIVE  WALK  PLAY  WATCH  LOOK  TRY  ENJOY  LISTEN  PLAY  JUMP

TALK  PAINT FAINT  CHAT  STUDY    BORROW   DANCE   ANSWER  ARRIVE  PICK

TRAVEL   TOUCH    NEED  ARREST    SCORE  DROP   LISTEN    CATCH

ADVERB FORMATION

ADVERB FORMATION

Regular (+ly): Quiet, slow, loud, careful, quick, brave.

Ending in -y (y ➔ ily): Heavy, happy, angry, noisy, easy.

Ending in -le (e ➔ y): Gentle, terrible, simple.

Irregular (no -ly): Fast, good, hard.

A student  draws a secret adjective from a basket (e.g., Angry).

The other students must yell out a command to the student using the correct adverb form of the adjective . For example:

"Walk angrily around the chairs! Pick up the book angrily!"

 Task 1: Fix the Agent's Report

Instructions: A clumsy secret agent wrote this mission report, but they made 5 spelling mistakes with their adverbs of manner. Find the mistakes and write the correct spelling below.

"The mission was intense. I opened the door noisily and entered the room. The laser grid was moving, so I had to jump fastly to the left. I grabbed the hard drive carefuly and stuffed it into my bag. A guard shouted, so I ran noisily down the hallway. I managed to escape easyly through the window, landing loghtly on the grass below. Mission accomplished goodly."

TASK 3 Write 5 sentences describing how an evil movie villain does everyday things. Use at least three adverbs from the box below.

Example: The villain eats his breakfast greedily.

Greedily (eating or taking too much)

• Clumsily (without care or grace)

• Angrily (with pure rage)

• Cruelly (to cause pain or distress)

• Rudely (without manners)

• Lazily (with zero effort)

Task 3 Fill in the blanks with the missing adverbs of manner you hear.

"Day 4 at the villain’s mansion. I sneaked past the security cameras 1 ______________. I knew I had to move 2 ______________ because the guards were patrolling the perimeter. I found the safe and turned the dial 3 ______________. It clicked open! Suddenly, an alarm rang out 4 ______________. I grabbed the documents and drove away 5 ______________ into the night."

Task 4 Continue one of these stories  (100 words)

Diary Entry A

James walked slowly into the dark room. He looked fearfully around the corners. He breathed heavily as he unlocked the desk drawer noisily.

Diary Entry B

James walked confidently into the dark room. He looked eagerly around the corners. He breathed calmly as he unlocked the desk drawer quietly.

The 4 Golden Rules of Adverb Formation

Rule Type	Adjective Ending	Formula / Transformation	Examples
Rule 1: Regular	Most adjectives	Base + LY	• Quick ➔ Quickly • Careful ➔ Carefully • Bad ➔ Badly
Rule 2: The -y Swap	Consonant + -y	Drop -y, add -ILY	• Happy ➔ Happily • Angry ➔ Angrily • Easy ➔ Easily
Rule 3: The -le Drop	Consonant + -le	Drop -e, add -Y	• Gentle ➔ Gently • Terrible ➔ Terribly • Simple ➔ Simply
Rule 4: The -ic Add	Adjectives in -ic	Base + ALLY	• Automatic ➔ Automatically • Tragedic ➔ Trag

 No CHANGE

ADJECTIVE  ADVERB

FAST                FAST

LATE              LATE

EARLY          EARLY

HARD            HARD 

Speed & Energy

• Quickly / Fast ↔ Slowly

• Energetically ↔ Lazily

Volume & Force

• Loudly / Noisily ↔ Quietly / Silently

• Heavily ↔ Lightly

• Forcefully / Aggressively ↔ Gently / Softly

Care & Skill

• Carefully ↔ Carelessly

• Well ↔ Badly

• Easily ↔ With difficulty (Note: "Hardly" is not the opposite of easily!)

• Cleverly ↔ Foolishly

Emotion & Attitude

• Happily / Cheerfully ↔ Sadly / Gloomily

• Politely ↔ Rudely

• Generously ➔ Greedily

created by Gemini A.I. 

The first computer produced in Italy

https://www.facebook.com/quel.che.non.sapevi/posts/nel-1964-litalia-aveva-in-mano-il-primo-personal-computer-della-storia-lo-cedett/1419097806914229/ 

EXERCISES PAST TENSE

 Look at the following answers. Write the question that would prompt each specific response. Pay close attention to the irregular verbs!

1. Answer: No, I didn't go to the party last night.

2. Answer: I saw a documentary about space on TV.

3. Answer: They went to Paris for their honeymoon.

4. Answer: She bought that dress because it was on sale.

5. Answer: He came home at midnight.

6. Answer: I ate a sandwich for lunch.

7. Answer: We found the keys under the sofa.

8. Answer: My mother gave me this watch for my birthday.

9. Answer: Yes, he drank all the orange juice.

10. Answer: They wrote three letters to the manager.

The Rule: Subject vs. Object Questions

1. When to use "DID" (Object Questions)

We use did when the interrogative pronoun (Who, What, Which) is the Object of the verb. This means the Subject is someone or something else.

• Formula: Question Word + DID + Subject + Base Verb?

• Example: "Who did you see?"

  • Subject: You

  • Action: Saw someone

  • Who: The person you saw (the object).

2. When NOT to use "DID" (Subject Questions)

We do not use did when the interrogative pronoun is the Subject of the verb. The question word is the person or thing performing the action. In this case, we just use the Past Tense form of the verb.

• Formula: Question Word + Past Tense Verb?

• Example: "Who saw you?"

  • Subject: Who (someone performed the action of seeing you).

  • Action: Saw

  • Object: You.

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Summary Table

Question Type	Focus	Helper?	Example
Object Question	You want to know who/what received the action.	Yes (did)	What did you buy?
Subject Question	You want to know who/what performed the action.	No	What happened?

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Exercise: "Subject or Object?"

Instructions: Fill in the blanks. Decide if you need the auxiliary did + base verb, or just the past tense of the verb in brackets.

1. Who __________ you __________ at the mall yesterday? (to meet)

2. Who __________ to the party last night? (to come)

3. What __________ that loud noise? (to make)

4. What __________ you __________ for dinner? (to make)

5. Which team __________ the game on Sunday? (to win)

6. Who __________ this beautiful picture? (to paint)

7. Which car __________ you __________? (to choose)

8. What __________ on the news this morning? (to happen)

9. Who __________ you __________ about the secret? (to tell)

10. Who __________ you about the secret? (to tell)

created by A. I.

INDEFINITE PRONOUNS used to say chiunque, qualsiasi cosa

 

The "Any-" Pronoun Quick Guide

Pronoun	Category	Italian Equivalent	Used for...
Anyone / Anybody	People	Chiunque / Nessuno / Qualcuno	Asking about people, or saying "it doesn't matter who."
Anything	Things	Qualsiasi cosa / Nulla	Asking about objects/actions, or saying "it doesn't matter what."

Exercise 1: Choose the Correct Word

Pick between anyone/anybody (people) and anything (things).

1. I’m bored. Is there _________ interesting to do today?

2. Does _________ know what time the bus arrives?

3. I went to the store, but I didn't buy _________.

4. You are so smart; you can learn _________ if you try!

5. The room was empty; I couldn't see _________ at all.

Exercise 2: Positive, Negative, or Question?

Fill in the blanks using anyone or anything. Pay attention to the sentence type.

1. (Negative) I am so tired that I don't want to do _________ tonight.

2. (Affirmative) This task is very simple; _________ can do it.

3. (Question) Did _________ call me while I was in the shower?

4. (Affirmative) You can sit _________ you like; all these seats are free.

5. (Negative) He was very quiet; he didn't tell _________ his secret.

Translation Exercise: Work & Technology

1. Non ho detto niente (qualsiasi cosa) al mio capo riguardo alla riunione.

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2. Chiunque può imparare a usare questa nuova applicazione; è semplicissima!

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3. C'è qualcuno (chiunque) in ufficio che sa come riparare la stampante?

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4. Se hai bisogno di qualsiasi cosa per il tuo progetto, mandami un'email.

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5. Non ho visto nessuno (chiunque) rispondere al telefono stamattina.

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6. Puoi chiamare chiunque nel team se hai un'emergenza durante il weekend.

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7. Il tecnico non ha trovato niente di strano nel mio computer.

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8. Non dare la tua password a nessuno (chiunque), nemmeno ai colleghi.

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9. Hai sentito qualcosa (qualsiasi cosa) riguardo alla nuova posizione lavorativa?

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10. Chiunque voglia candidarsi per il lavoro deve inviare il CV entro venerdì.

The "-ever" Forms (Whoever & Whatever)

While anyone and anything are the most common, we use whoever and whatever when we want to emphasize "no matter who" or "no matter what," often acting as a connector between two parts of a sentence.

• Whoever (Chiunque): "Whoever broke the window must pay for it."

• Whatever (Qualsiasi cosa): "I will do whatever it takes to win."

Fill in the blanks with anyone, anybody, anything, whoever, or whatever.

1. Does _________ have a pen I can borrow?

2. You can choose _________ you want from the menu; it's my treat!

3. I’m so hungry, I’ll eat _________.

4. _________ called me left a very strange voicemail.

5. I didn't see _________ I recognized at the party.

created by A.I.

AN UNLUCKY DAY PAST TENSE

 

Exercise 1: The "Unlucky Day" (Contextual Gap-Fill)

Focus: Mastering common irregular verbs (get, have, go, see, take, find).

Complete the story by putting the verbs in brackets into the Past Simple.

Yesterday (be) __________ a total disaster. I (get) __________ up late because my alarm clock (not/go) __________ off. I (have) __________ a quick shower and (run) __________ to the bus stop, but I (see) __________ the bus leaving right as I arrived. I (decide) __________ to take a taxi, but it (take) __________ forever to find one. When I finally (arrive) __________ at work, I (find) __________ out that the meeting (be) __________ cancelled anyway!

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Exercise 2: Sentence Transformation (Negative & Interrogative)

Focus: Using the auxiliary verb "did" correctly with regular and irregular forms.

Rewrite the following affirmative sentences into Negatives and Questions.

1. They bought a new car last week.

   • Negative: __________________________________________________

   • Question: __________________________________________________

2. Sarah stayed at home on Saturday.

   • Negative: __________________________________________________

   • Question: __________________________________________________

3. We ate pizza for dinner.

   • Negative: __________________________________________________

   • Question: __________________________________________________

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Exercise 3: The "Memory Lane" Match-Up

Focus: Recognizing irregular forms and applying them to real-life tasks.

Part A: Match the Present Simple verb to its Past Simple irregular partner.

Present	Past
1. Buy	A. Thought
2. Think	B. Wrote
3. Write	C. Bought
4. Give	D. Left
5. Leave	E. Gave

Reading: The Whispering Attic (A2-B1 Version)

The rain was very heavy. It hit the windows of the old house with a loud noise. Elias moved into his grandfather’s home two days ago. The house was very quiet and he felt a bit lonely.

At midnight, he heard a strange sound. It was not the wind. It was a "thud-scrape" noise from the attic above his room. Elias was scared, but he took his flashlight and walked up the old stairs.

The attic door was open. The air smelled like old metal. He pushed the door and shone his light inside. In the corner, a dusty chair moved slowly. But nobody was there! Suddenly, his flashlight stopped working. It was completely dark. Then, a cold hand touched his face, and a voice whispered:

"You are in my chair."

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 Worksheet: The "Past Simple" Masterclass

1. Grammar Spotlight: Find the Verbs

Look at the story again. Can you find four regular verbs and four irregular verbs?

Regular (-ed)	Irregular (Special form)
1. ___________	1. ___________
2. ___________	2. ___________
3. ___________	3. ___________
4. ___________	4. ___________

2. Task-Based Activity: The Interviewer

Imagine Elias escaped the house and went to the police. Write the questions the police officer asked him using the prompts below.

• Example: (What time / the noise / start?) $\rightarrow$ What time did the noise start?

1. (What / you / hear?) __________________________________________________

2. (you / see / a ghost?) _________________________________________________

3. (Why / you / go / to the attic?) __________________________________________

4. (the door / be / locked?) ______________________________________________

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1. 
   The "What Happens Next?" Discussion: Talk for 1 minute about what Elias did after the hand touched his face. Did he run? Did he scream? Did he fight?

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 Writing Activity: Change the Ending

The story ended in a very scary way. Now, rewrite the last paragraph (30-50 words) to make it funny or happy.

Requirements:

• Use the negative form "didn't".

• Use the verb "gave".

• Use the verb "laughed".

Example Idea: Maybe it wasn't a ghost. Maybe it was his grandfather playing a joke!

created by A.I.

Write a MOVIE REVIEW

 

10 Guide Questions for a Movie Talk (Level B1)

Use these to spark a conversation in pairs or small groups.

1. When and where did you watch this movie?

2. What genre is it?

3.  Where did the story take place? (e.g., in a city, in the future, in the mountains).

4. What happened in the story?

5. Who was your favorite character?

6.  What was the most exciting thing that happened?

7. How did you feel while you finished watching the movie? (Happy, scared, bored?)

8. What was the main problem the characters faced?

9.  Did you like the music, the soundtrack, the special effects, the costumes,the acting, the dubbing? 

10. Did the movie end the way you expected?

11. What did you learn from this movie?

12. To whom would you recommend this movie

EXAMPLE

Titanic: My Movie Review (B1 Level)

I watched this movie last weekend at home with my family. It is a famous romantic drama that takes place in 1912 on a massive ship in the middle of the Atlantic Ocean.

The story follows Jack and Rose, two people from very different worlds. My favorite character was Jack because he was brave and kind. In the story, they met on the ship and fell in love, but they faced a huge problem: the ship was sinking. The most exciting thing happened when the Titanic hit a massive iceberg while it was sailing through the night.

I really liked the movie because the special effects were amazing and the acting was superb. The soundtrack was beautiful, too. When I finished watching the movie, I felt very sad and emotional. The ending didn't end the way I expected because I wanted a happy ending for both of them! From this movie, I learned that love can be very powerful, but life is often unpredictable. I would recommend this movie to anyone who loves history and big emotional stories.

Unit 19-20

 

UNIT 19

Asta                                               Banditore d’asta                                        Restauratore

Scultore                                       Regista                                                          Cavalletto

Contorno, profilo                       Natura morta                                              Acquaragia

MODALS OF DEDUCTION

1. John potrebbe non venire alla mia festa
2. Carla deve essere in vacanza. Ha postato ieri delle foto fatte a Londra
3. Picasso deve essere stato un artista molto creativo perché inventò il cubismo.
4. Tony non può essere a casa. Le luci sono spente!
5. Daniel deve aver studiato Arte a scuola molto bene. Sa davvero dipingere!
6. Leila non può aver ucciso John. Alle 11.00, che è l’ora del delitto, era a cena fuori con degli amici

INFINITIVE OF PURPOSE

1.      Tim è andato al supermercato ieri pomeriggio per fare la spesa

2.      Sono andato presto a letto ieri per non sentirmi stanco stamattina al lavoro

3.      Mia sorella non ha voluto che io le leggessi le recensioni del film per non rovinarmi la visione

4.      Grazie mille per avermi aiutato!

5.      Oggi il telefono è usato per lo più per mandare messaggi

Unit 20

Anelli da ginnastica   _______________________Arrampicata sul ghiaccio________________________

Pattinaggio artistico________________________Moto trial____________________________________

Staffetta_________________________________Parapendio__________________________________

Salto base_______________________________Rafting______________________________________

Sci di fondo______________________________ Salto in lungo_________________________________

Salto con l’asta____________________________Disco________________________________________

Scherma_________________________________Speleologia subacquea_________________________

Articolazioni rigide_________________________Anoressia___________________________________

Non mangiare tardi la sera__________________Avere una dieta sana____________________________

Trascorrere del tempo fuori________________________Mantenere un peso forma__________________

PAST PERFECT SIMPLE

1.      Non mi sentivo bene perché avevo mangiato troppo cibo spazzatura il giorno prima.

2.      Marco era molto stanco perché aveva corso per un'ora sotto il sole.

3.      La squadra ha vinto la gara perché gli atleti si erano allenati duramente per mesi.

PAST PERFECT CONTINUOUS

1.      Lei stava facendo yoga da soli dieci minuti quando il telefono ha suonato.

2.      Da quanto tempo ti stavi preparando per la maratona prima dell'infortunio?

3.      Stavamo seguendo quella dieta da un mese quando abbiamo visto i primi risultati.

 

 

IDIOMS

1.      Appisolarsi

2.      Stai sempre a giocherellare

3.      Non si scherza con la salute

4.      In perfette condizioni fisiche

5.      Essersi ripreso

6.      Essere sano e salvo

7.      Essere vivo e vegeto

8.      Essere al settimo cielo

9.      Sentirsi poco bene

10.   Avere tantissima energia

11.   Essere il ritratto della salute

12.   Riuscire a smettere un’abitudine dannosa

13.   Un certificato che attesta la buona salute

Reading & Logic Task: "The Marathon Mystery"

Leggi il testo e completa le frasi usando il Past Perfect Continuous dei verbi tra parentesi.

"When James arrived at the clinic, he looked completely drained. He (1) __________ (prepare) for the triathlon for six months. However, he admitted that he (2) __________ (not / hydrate) properly during his long runs. His trainer noticed that James (3) __________ (push) himself too hard without enough rest. By the time he collapsed, he (4) __________ (train) for four hours straight in the heat. It was clear that he (5) __________ (ignore) the warning signs of fatigue."

APPROVAL

I'm fully behind you.

That’s a step in the right direction.

Way to go! / Keep it up!

I couldn't have put it better myself.

How lovely

Brilliant/well done

DISAPPROVAL

I’m not so sure about that

I’d prefer (not)to have

That's out of the question

 I take issue with your approach

.I'm afraid I can't sign off on that

 

The "Doctor-Patient" Dialogue (Writing & Grammar)

Fill in the gaps using the Past Perfect Continuous of the verb in brackets and an Idiom from the previous list.

Doctor: "Come in, Mr. Rossi. You look great! A real (1) _______________ (idiom)." Patient: "Thanks, Doc. I feel amazing. Before our last meeting, I (2) _______________ (struggle) with my weight for years." Doctor: "I noticed. And your blood tests are perfect. I’m giving you a (3) _______________ (idiom)." Patient: "I'm glad. I (4) _______________ (hit) the gym four times a week before I hurt my ankle, but I'm (5) _______________ (idiom) now."

Task 2: Expressing Opinion (Functional Language)

Read the scenarios and write a response using a phrase of Approval or Disapproval.

1. Scenario: Your friend tells you they have been skipping breakfast and lunch to lose weight quickly.
• Your Response: "_________________________________________________"
2. Scenario: Your gym partner says they have decided to quit smoking and start training for a 5k run.
• Your Response: "_________________________________________________"

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 Reading Activity: The Comeback Story

Read the text and answer the questions using the target grammar.

"By the time the marathon started, Sarah was nervous. She had been recovering from a knee injury for six months. During that time, she had been swimming every morning to keep her cardio up. Her coach had been telling her to take it slow, but Sarah was determined. When she crossed the finish line, she felt as fit as a fiddle again."

1. What had Sarah been doing to maintain her fitness during her injury?
2. What had the coach been advising her to do?

created by A.I.